Explore the ways in which Sebastian Faulks presents human endurance in the face of the horrors of war in the novel Birdsong Essays

Explore the ways in which Sebastian Faulks presents human endurance in the face of the horrors of war in the novel Birdsong Essays Explore the ways in which Sebastian Faulks presents human endurance in the face of the horrors of war in the novel Birdsong Essay Explore the ways in which Sebastian Faulks presents human endurance in the face of the horrors of war in the novel Birdsong Essay Essay Topic: Catching Fire In Birdsong, Sebastian Faulks highlights the incredible lengths of endurance that the soldiers of World War I were pushed to, having been subjected to the grim horrors of war. He makes it apparent that such horrors required a great deal of mental endurance as well as physical endurance, a notion that is aptly illustrated by Stephen Wraysford in a conversation with Michael Weir, This is not a war, this is an exploration of how far men can be degraded.The first time that the reader is introduced to Jack Firebrace, hes lying on a wooden cross whilst forty-five feet underneath France a tunneller. Immediately, physical adjectives are used in order to portray how hellish and unforgiving a miners tunnel can be. In the second paragraph of Part Two, Faulks includes small chunks of description in a series of short sentences to progressively give the reader a tunnelers perspective of the underground setting and its appalling conditions. The sweat running into and stingi ng Jacks eyes; the claustrophobia of a four-foot-wide tunnel; the fact that all time had been lost track of whilst underground, which portrays the idea that this tunnel is a terrifying otherworld for the men inside it, who spend so much of their time underground that time itself means nothing: He had lost track of how long he had been underground. He found it easier not to think when he might be relieved, but to keep digging.The manner in which Faulks delivers these short descriptions in quick succession lends the reader a feeling of moving into darkness from light, and having to allow the eyes to become accustomed to it, as if the reader himself were being led into the mines in which tunnellers endured countless hours of darkness: It had been six hours or more since he had seen daylight. Also, the fact that Jacks spade is an adapted spade, even though hes specifically a tunneller, shows the haphazardness of the army when it came to providing a good standard of equipment for its tro ops; soldiers just took what they could get, because it was better than nothing. However, Jack just gets on with his work, digging at the earth, hacking it out as though he hated it; its noted that the harder he works, the easier it is, which implies that the terrible conditions of the tunnel are simply endured and the digging continues because it has to, which Weir often stresses to the miners: If they think theres a mine under them they wont stay put for twenty four hours. Therell be a mutiny.Faulks writes of many ways to die in the novel, some of which the soldiers prefer over others, and when Jack reflects on the deaths of Turner and two others in the tunnel, he thinks about his attitude to death: The men might have died anyway, perhaps in a worse way, with gas in their lungs or lying beyond help in no mans land. This shows his preference of being incinerated by an explosion over having to experience a slow, painful, languishing death due to gas or wounds the fact that he has a preferred method of dying shows that hes experienced enough death to come to the conclusion that its inevitable; he accepts that hes going to die, and isnt particularly scared of it, but would prefer to die a quick death.This is somewhat ironic, because Jack dies a long and painful death spanning a number of days after being buried alive with Stephen in Part Six. Even when Jack begins to eventually long for death, it still refuses to arrive swiftly, as shown when Stephen wakes Jack from unconsciousness, but he could see Jack fighting to be free of him, desperate to shake off his last contact with the living world. Faulks made this happen to show that war is unfair, and also that the events of war can change a man to the extent that hed rather die than have to return to ordinary life, which seems distant and unrealistic; While a primitive fear kept stirring in him, the pain of his body and the lost illusions of his life made him wish for the conclusion to come.Faulks writes Stephen Wraysfords account of the first day of the Battle of the Somme with a tone of stark frankness and bluntness, using the minimal amount of description needed in order for the reader to form his own image. The capacity to endure and the mood of the forty eight hours of unwanted reprieve before the battle is summarised with a single line: The first rifle fire came with a falsetto crack. Barnes had shot himself through the palate. These two short sentences are separated from the rest of the text as part of a small, five-line paragraph; this structure has been used to emulate and highlight the effect on the troops of the sudden single rifle crack although the sound itself only lasted for a very short time, it carried a meaning and a sense of foreboding that offered the troops a morbid alternative to what lay ahead.Faulkss accounts of specific deaths during the battle are numerous; these are designed to highlight the utter horror of war. One particularly vivid description tells of a man w ho is still marching towards enemy lines despite losing a large proportion of his face, There was a man beside him missing part of his face, but walking in the same dreamlike state; the way that Faulks describes the man as walking in a dreamlike state could perhaps be symbolic of the popular belief that the decision to make soldiers walk rather than run whilst charging meant that they were, fundamentally, walking corpses. Faulks also shows the futility of the tactics of higher ranks, who are still not yet adapted to the modern warfare of World War I, Ten yards ahead and to the right was Colonel Barclay. He was carrying a sword.Sebastian Faulks portrays the horrors of war in numerous ways; he describes the claustrophobia and intense heat and darkness of a tunnel; the realisation that death is inevitable and the unwise tacticians of the Battle of the Somme. Whatever situation soldiers are thrown into, though, it seems like theyre able to adapt and endure it like when Stephen is force d to carry a canary through the mines despite his crippling fear of birds. At first, Stephen is revolted by the idea of catching the canary, He felt himself close to tears as he searched the murk of the clay, Faulkss use of the phrase close to tears makes Stephen seem childlike, but his determination to help his injured comrade spurs him on, and, unwilling to upset Weir by killing the bird, he literally grits his teeth and carries the bird to safety, With teeth clamped very tight together he held out both hands to Weir, who released the bird into the handkerchief, possibly saving Weirs life in the process. However, a lot of soldiers endured their situations because the only alternative was a court martial, but the threat of the firing squad was enough to make most soldiers do practically anything for their country.

Supporting People with Depression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Supporting People with Depression - Essay Example There are varied causes of depression, and for the case of Hattie, the possible causes are the loss of her parents, joblessness, and loneliness. Â  Depression can be a simple as being in low moods if it is mild, but for severe cases, it needs treatment because it can be suicidal (The British Psychological Society, 2009). This work discusses nursing practice, health surveillance and health promotion and sociological aspects of health and disease concerning the case. The work also describes the principles and concepts of health monitoring and health promotion related to mental health management. There is also an illustration of the application of theoretical aspects of fundamental nursing for the case and the relationship between applied sciences and health. Through the implementation of the theories discussed, the work outlines how nurses should care for depressed patients. Â  Clinical Depression has two core features, which form essential symptoms. The patient typically has lowered moods accompanied with disinterest and or displeasure in usual activities. Hattie possesses both signs, which call for diagnosis. The first stage of my diagnosis will be to find out the extent of her depression through asking her clinically designed questions and discussing the symptoms with her. I can also use the International Classification of Disease (ICD-10) to determine symptoms likely to suggest that she is depressed. For instance, the two mentioned symptoms and others (World Health Organization, 2004). I will try to find out from Hattie about her concentration levels, level of self-esteem and self-confidence, time of sleeping, and change in weight or appetite. There are other symptoms such as feelings of worthlessness or guilt, agitation, pessimism or hopelessness or suicidal thoughts and acts.

Human resources management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Human resources management - Assignment Example It mainly encompasses the domain of tasks which seeks to ensure the welfare of workers and taking care of their concerns. However, the modern HRM functions has emerged out of the concept of regarding employees and workers as resources in their organizations required for meeting organizational goals and objectives. HRM considers people as their first priority and tries to secure management objectives by maximization of the return of investment of those resources (Brumfitt, Barnes, Norris & Jones, p.4). 1.2 Contribution of HRM function to Virgin Atlantic There have been major changes in Virgin Atlantic since its ownership by the Virgin Group and Singapore Airlines. This necessarily implies a complete restructuring of its existing policies and strategies. The focus has been towards retaining a customer centric approach and deliver new and innovative services towards its customers. The main idea is to retain its market position by setting new standards of services towards customers. It i s imperative that this would require recreating HR strategies for meeting the new organizational needs. In this case particularly, restructuring would call for resistances and opposition from the workforce of the organization which needs to be handled. New HRM functions would mainly cater towards helping the organization towards meeting its purpose, motivating employees through the change process and handling change management issues at large. 1.3 Roles and Responsibilities of line Managers in Virgin Atlantic Line Managers are said to remain in close contact with the employees and as such they remain most aware of the present issues and concerns of the employees. This called for the involvement of line managers in managing the human resources in the organization. They are responsible for understanding the present and the future conditions of the organizations and the external environment in which it operates. They are also responsible for knowing the future requirements from the lea ders in the organization. That means they focus on the potential performance of the organization. This means developing the human resource in the organization so as to develop the potential performance. Line managers are also involved in various developmental activities which include group session, one to one activities, conducting company projects, conducting a feedback and system and a coaching system too. Line managers are associated with personal development programs catering to the needs of the organization too (Martindale, â€Å"Guide to leadership development in 11 steps†). 1.4 Legal and Regulatory framework on HRM in Virgin Atlantic Since the profitability of any airline links closely with the economic growth of the region, it remains subjected to various rules and regulations. Recently the UK Government has become particularly cautious about security checks at UK airports. The UK CAA is especially responsible for monitoring risk based performance of the airline. Apar t from that the SRG employs a team of specialists to monitor the activities of the airline in different areas (Civil Aviation Authority-a, â€Å"The Specialist Teams†). This includes testing pilot capacities, aircraft maintenance, flying, training and recreational activities etc. The airline industry is

Evolution vs Creationism Essay Example for Free

Evolution vs Creationism Essay In the history of science vs. religion there has been no issues more hotly debated than that of evolution vs. creationism. The issue is passionately debated since the majority of evidence is in favor of evolution, but the creation point of view can never be proved wrong because of long standing religious beliefs. Human creation is seperated into three simple beliefs; creation theory, naturalistic evolution theory, and theistic evolution theory. The complexities of all three sides create a difficult dilemma for what theory to support among commom people, religious or non-religious. The theories of human evolution tend to always cause a heated dispute in modern American society. Each theory presents its own evidence proving its acceptance, but lacks enough evidence to prove the other theories incorrect. All the theories that attempt to explain human existence fall under the categories of creation theory, naturalistic evolution theory, and the theistic evolution theory. The creation theory explains that a certain God, or Gods created the humans, and evolution does not exist. The naturalistic evolution theory states that evolution is driven by purely natural forces, and is not controlled by any input from a god, goddess, or multiple deities. The theistic evolution is a mixture of both creation and naturalistic theories. The theistic evolution theory states that god created the world and guides the evolution process (Religious Tolerance, 2004). The information presented in evolution studies must be viewed with an open mind since there is no definite proof or law of evolution. The dilemma boils down to science vs. religion. God has been viewed as our creator by different societies for thousands of years, but the discoveries of recent science are suddenly questioning the origins of our existence. With new discoveries, scientific theories may prevail over religious theories. Until science proves its naturalistic theory correct, the world will have to choose between the three theories based on personal beliefs, religious values, and scientific information. The creation theory includes over 500 different creation stories based on numerous religions (Religious Tolerance, 2004). The vast number of stories creates strains on which evolution story is accurate. Christians that are creationists take their holy texts literally and believe the earth is around 10,000 years old. The creation theory will always exist with religion, so the creation theory can never be proved wrong since it is simply a religious belief. Religion is still very important in the United States, and the acceptance of the naturalization theory would completely change Christianity all together. Religious Tolerance, a website that outlays the conflict of evolution vs. creationism, explains how naturalism would shake Christianity. Religious tolerance states that the acceptance of evolution would make people interpret Genesis symbolically and classify evolution stories as myths. Since the creation stories are closely tied to the fall of man and to original sin, the entire role of Jesus would change. Without original sin, there would be no need for a savior, and Christianity would change drastically. This further proves that the creation theory will live as long as religion. The Gallup Organization studies what percentages of Americans believe in each of the three theories. 44% of Americans believe in the creation theory (Religious Tolerance, 2004). The naturalistic and theistic theories of evolution were unheard of until about 200 years ago. With modern science, popularity is growing between these two theories. Naturalistic evolution is built on Darwins ideas of natural variation and selection and Mendels model of genetic inheritance (Steen, 2001). Darwin and Mendel both could not explain how evolution occurs, but recent studies have shown evolution does occur by observing the evolution of fruit flies, and the Tilapia fish (Religious Tolerance, 2004). Scientists argue that observing human evolution is nearly impossible because the past 2000 years have proved little, and relying on fossils leads to many interpretations. Even though naturalistic evolution raises many questions, the theory also has many established facts. General acceptance of creation science would mean that the entire foundational structure and inner relationships of many sciences (geology, biology, astronomy, nuclear sciences, etc. ) become meaningless, and would have to be abandoned (Religious Tolerance, 2004). The naturalistic theory incorporates many aspects of the sciences into its proof. If creation science is somehow proved correct, the sciences are useless. Specification is the newest theory of evolution. Specification is having members of a population adapt to their environments to better suit themselves, and the members will pass this trait on to the future members. Ian Steward of New Scientist states, Specification is a complex business, taking place over vastly different scales of size and time. There is no reason to suppose that it is governed by just one force-after all, we know that genetic mutations and sexual recombination of existing genes vie with environmental influences, depletion of resources, parasites, migration and disease he maths indicate that far from being a surprising phenomenon, it would be very odd if specification didnt occur. Strictly based on science, evolution would follow the naturalistic theory. The naturalistic theory falls behind on the popularity of creationism and theistic evolution in the United States because of religion, the questions raised by the legitimacy of fossils, and the simple fact that the evolution of humans occurs over a period of time inaccessible to humans. (Steen, 2001) According to the Gallup Organization, 99% of scientists believe in the naturalistic theory while only 10% of the U.  S. population believes in the theory. A theory with growing popularity is the combination of the creation theory and the naturalistic theory. Theistic evolution theory supporters believe that evolution is controlled by God. Many Religious institutions teach that evolution was under Gods control and guidance. Even Pope John Paul 11 is intrigued with recent discoveries stating, Today, more than a half century after this [Human Genesis] encyclical, new knowledge leads us to recognize in the theory of evolution more than a hypothesis he convergence, neither sought nor induced of results of work done independently one from the other, constitutes in itself a significant argument in favor of this theory [of evolution] (Religious Tolerance, 2004). The popes decision to consider the recognition of evolution is based on many discoveries and theories including the intelligent design theory. The intelligent design theory for the most part is a more sophisticated version of creationism. Dr.  Meyer (director of the center for science and culture at the discovery institute) outlays the intelligent design theory stating, The current evolutionary theory cannot explain how new animal forms developed in the distant past. It advocates the theory of intelligent design, which holds that biological systems are so complex that they could have arisen only through the action of an intelligent force and not through purely random evolutionary processes (Monastersky, 2004). Dr.  Meyers statement in support of the intelligent design theory states that natural evolution could not have developed humans because we are too intelligent. The theistic view shows some aspects of religion and supports substantiate information yet does not jump to conclusions over unproved evidence. The Gallop Organization reports that 39% of Americans have a theistic view on the topic of evolution (Religious Tolerance, 2004). The naturalistic evolutionary theory will continue to gain ground on creationism as time goes by and further information is found and proved. I predict that the theistic evolution theory will become the most popular theory in the United States and around the globe. The concept of religion in peoples heads will never let natural evolution be proved or accepted. The creationism theory and the theistic evolution theory will survive as long as religion. Evolution vs. creationism is in fact science vs. religion, and no theory will ever be unanimously accepted until either religion or science is totally abandoned. Evolution vs. creationism is a controversy that may never be totally agreed upon universally.

Allegory is a story that works on two levels. Essay -- English Literat

Allegory is a story that works on two levels. "Mature readers appreciate the powerful satire on communism gone wrong, while for younger readers it is a hilarious fable of the farmyard."-Animal Farm As explained in the quote above, Animal Farm is a story that works on two levels. One level is simple, and the other one is the more complex and sophisticated. I would like to explain these levels in this essay. But first, I would like to clearly explain what the word allegory means by giving some examples from well-known fables. One of the best examples is the Little Red Riding Hood. I imagine that most of the people in this world knows about this fable. This story is translated in to many languages, in many different countries in the world. Any ways, the point is that what characteristics of allegory does this story mention? Well, most of the characters in this story represent a particular type of a human personality. For example, the wolf in this story is not just a wolf. As you can see by reading this story, the wolf tries to eat the girl by disguising in to her grandmother. This is clearly explaining what kind of a personality this wolf is representing. He represents a criminal who could trick you and swindle you. The girl represents an innocent person, who can be tricked easily. But at the end it comes out to be that the girl was not just innocent. So, now you can see that the technique of allegory is used in many stories without even knowing. The simpler level of the Animal Farm, is a humorous fable with animals. "For younger readers it is a hilarious fable of the farmyard."-Animal Farm If you do not read this book carefully, this book is just a humorous fable with talking animals in it. When... ...It signifies how a country can easily corrupt under a tyrant leader. Without even the people knowing, a terrible leader can easily control the country. By reading this book, we can see that we should try to save our own country by our own hands. We should not depend on the government, and we should not 100percent believe what the media says. The citizen of the country needs to keep their eyes wide opened. You never know if the truth is being told. Did the Russian people know what was going on? Did they THINK they knew what was going on? We should never forget what happened to Russia by reading this book, Animal Farm. You never know when it will be for YOU to stand up and go against the tyrant leader. So, please do not forget about Animal Farm and the Russian revolution. Even though you think that this will not happen to you, it might happen You never know.

What Is a Hero?

â€Å"How would we tell a hero story today? What would be the setting, what would the enemy be, and what values would the hero embody? † Heroes are a rare, but neccessary type of person. In reality, and our modern society, heroes are not out slaying dragons, or conquering an evil sorcerer. Heroes come in many shapes and forms, and what's capsulated within is the true power of a hero. The mainstream, and fictional heroes are held to a standard of an externally admirable image. Hercules, Zeus, Odysseus, Beowulf, and to a lesser extent, Professional WWE wrestlers along many others are all seen as masculine men who look as if their muscles are unobtainable by their large audience of observers. Take Martin Luther King Jr. for example, a man who inspired an entire race to break the crippling chains of oppresion. This was not a man of tenacious appearance, but when he spoke the world listened, and his words were stained in history. A true display of heroism was shown on September 11th, 2001 in New York City. After two airplanes collided with the Twin Towers, many people were left trapt inside of the buildings with smoke filling their lungs and fire searing their skin. Heroes, such as firefighters and police officiers, quickly reacted and put themselves on the line to save others. Selflessness opitomizes heroism in this instance. These modern day heros, fire fighters, police officiers and even civilians, sacrificed their lives to save another individual which in most cases were complete strangers demonstrated the true beauty of humanity. The enemy, known as Al' Qeada was the group who carried out this attack. Al Qeada is a network of Islamic terrorists operatives who were created to scare society. Most believe that the attacks were brought about because of their hatred for America. The kamikazee suicide bombers perceived themselves as heroes due to their act of selflessness, but a hero does not harm those who are innocent, those who have families, and those who are relied upon by others for love and support. The enemy was not rational about their decision to pestilate fellow human beings who were not involved with the so thought indescretions America had placed on their country. We cannot control the actions of other people, but in times of chaos we can come together and be heroes. Anyone who breathes air on Earth has the potentional to be a hero. It is not an issue of appearance, not an issue of race nor an issue of nationality. Heroism completely depends on bravery, pride, love, and selflessness, which all people are capable of presenting. A channel affect is created when a hero is seen. A hero inspires others to pick up on their traits, and if you have the traits of a hero, you are sure to be idolized.

Hobbes And The Natural State Of Man - 1617 Words

Thomas Hobbes was a divisive figure in his day and remains so up to today. Hobbes’s masterpiece, Leviathan, offended his contemporary thinkers with the implications of his view of human nature and his theology. From this pessimistic view of the natural state of man, Hobbes derives a social contract in order to avoid civil war and violence among men. Hobbes views his work as laying out the moral framework for a stable state. In reality, Hobbes was misconstruing a social contract that greatly benefited the state based on a misunderstanding of civil society and the nature and morality of man. In order to analyze Hobbes’s work of moral and political philosophy, one must first understand his view of human nature. Hobbes’s was greatly influenced by the scientific revolution of the early 17th century, and by the civil unrest and civil war in England while he wrote. Hobbes views the nature of man as being governed by the same laws of nature described by Galileo and refined by Newton .He writes in Leviathan â€Å"And as we see in the water, though the wind cease, the waves give not over rowling (rolling) for a long time after; so also it happeneth in that mation, which is made in the internall parts of a man† . From this, he concludes that man is in a constant state of motion. Being at rest is not the natural state of man, but rather a rarity. From this turbulent view of man, Hobbes goes on to describe the natural state of man. The natural state of man is one of war inShow MoreRelatedTopic sentence. Thomas Hobbes interpretation of natural law is not only radically different, but1300 Words   |  6 Pagessentence. Thomas Hobbes interpretation of natural law is not only radically different, but inconsistent with the traditional view. 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